In the year since a gunman opened fire on students, faculty and staff at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., and killed 17 people, politicians have suggested arming teachers as one way to deter school shootings. But is that what teachers want?

The answer is “no,” according to a survey of more than 2,900 current and former teachers across the country conducted in the weeks following the Parkland shooting by California State University, Northridge assistant professor of social work Lauren Willner.

Willner said she was inspired to conduct the survey when she noticed a glaring omission in the arguments people were making about putting guns in the classroom.

“No one was asking the teachers what they thought, what they wanted,” Willner said. “I looked and couldn’t find any scientifically collected data indicating what teachers wanted. I’m a researcher, so I decided to gather it myself.”

Willner noted that in 2018 alone, 23 school shootings took place — the highest number for any year on record.

“As often happens after a mass shooting, the national conversation turns to what we can do to stop them,” she said. “Opinions range from the need to restrict access to guns to a view that increased gun control is an infringement on someone’s Second Amendment rights, and everything in between, including ‘hardening’ schools by arming teachers and other staff as a deterrent to gun violence. Something was missing in the conversation — the opinions of those in the schools and classrooms. Not anymore.”

Willner asked educators teaching in academic environments from preschool to college what they thought about arming teachers. She sent her survey via email, social media and to group email lists and newsletters of several educational organizations.

She received responses from 2,926 educators from all 50 states and the territory of Guam. The states with the most respondents were California, with 11.4 percent; Washington, with 5.9 percent; New York, with 5.3 percent; Ohio, with 4.6 percent, and Pennsylvania, with 3.2 percent.

The sample was overwhelmingly female, reflecting the overall teacher population, which is disproportionately made up of women. High school teachers and professors in higher education settings made up approximately 60 percent of the respondents, and nearly half of the preschool through high school teachers identified their school as being in a suburban setting.

Only 16 percent of the respondents reported owning a gun, and 25 percent indicated having more than minimal experience using a firearm.

“The teachers surveyed were overwhelmingly against allowing educators to be armed in the classroom,” Willner said. “This finding held true when examined by grade, with the majority of the respondents indicating that they did not want guns in their schools. Even when you looked at it by region, there was not significant difference in the responses.”

Among teachers surveyed who were gun owners, just greater than 16 percent of the study sample, only 11.5 percent said they believed being armed while teaching should be part of a teacher’s responsibilities, she said.

“The overwhelming majority (95.3 percent) do not believe teachers should be carrying a gun in the classroom,” Willner said. “Only a small percentage (6.2 percent) indicated they were comfortable using a gun to stop an active shooter.”

When asked about the effectiveness of arming teachers as a means to prevent school-based gun violence, Willner said the majority of those surveyed did not believe doing so would prevent someone from entering a school with the intent to commit harm.

Conversely, she said, the majority of the participants believed that arming teachers would lead to unintended violence in schools, including mistakenly firing a gun during an active-shooter drill. Willner said 64 percent of the survey’s respondents believed overall school safety would be compromised if teachers were allowed to carry firearms in the classroom.

Willner noted that there is legislation in several states that includes funding for training teachers and other school staff in handling guns. She asked the survey’s respondents if they were interested in receiving such training. Just over 11 percent expressed an interest, and only 7.9 percent said they believed marksman training would provide them with adequate preparation for successfully handing a school-based active-shooter situation.

“Owning a gun and espousing a positive opinion regarding private-citizen gun ownership did positively affect the views participants held regarding this issue,” Willner said. “Still, only 30 percent of those who identified as gun owners were in favor of legislation to arm teachers in all or some circumstances. Moreover, of those strongly in favor of private-citizen gun ownership, almost all indicated being against any legislation to provide teachers with guns as a means to protect students.”

Willner is sharing the results of her survey with policymakers, educational organizations and others involved in the discussion about guns in schools. She is planning to expand the project with a mixed-methods follow-up study examining how teachers understand school-based violence and what they believe to be the solutions to the problem. She also is working on an academic journal article based on the findings of her survey.

“For too long this discussion has taken place without science-based data about what teachers think,” she said. “We now have data. Teachers are the ones in the classrooms, and their opinions should matter.”